use crate::rug::{Integer, Rational};
use crate::tabled_rc::*;
use ordered_float::*;

use crate::put_back_n::*;

use std::cell::Cell;
use std::cmp::Ordering;
use std::fmt;
use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
use std::io::{Bytes, Error as IOError, Read};
use std::ops::Deref;
use std::rc::Rc;
use std::vec::Vec;

use indexmap::IndexMap;
use unicode_reader::CodePoints;

pub type Atom = String;

pub type Var = String;

pub type Specifier = u32;

pub const MAX_ARITY: usize = 1023;

pub const XFX: u32 = 0x0001;
pub const XFY: u32 = 0x0002;
pub const YFX: u32 = 0x0004;
pub const XF: u32 = 0x0010;
pub const YF: u32 = 0x0020;
pub const FX: u32 = 0x0040;
pub const FY: u32 = 0x0080;
pub const DELIMITER: u32 = 0x0100;
pub const TERM: u32 = 0x1000;
pub const LTERM: u32 = 0x3000;

pub const NEGATIVE_SIGN: u32 = 0x0200;

#[macro_export]
macro_rules! clause_name {
    ($name: expr, $tbl: expr) => {
        $crate::ast::ClauseName::User($crate::tabled_rc::TabledRc::new($name, $tbl.clone()))
    };
    ($name: expr) => {
        $crate::ast::ClauseName::BuiltIn($name)
    };
}

#[macro_export]
macro_rules! atom {
    ($e:expr, $tbl:expr) => {
        $crate::ast::Constant::Atom(
            $crate::ast::ClauseName::User($crate::tabled_rc!($e, $tbl)),
            None,
        )
    };
    ($e:expr) => {
        $crate::ast::Constant::Atom($crate::clause_name!($e), None)
    };
}

#[macro_export]
macro_rules! rc_atom {
    ($e:expr) => {
        Rc::new(String::from($e))
    };
}
macro_rules! is_term {
    ($x:expr) => {
        ($x & $crate::ast::TERM) != 0
    };
}

macro_rules! is_lterm {
    ($x:expr) => {
        ($x & $crate::ast::LTERM) != 0
    };
}

macro_rules! is_op {
    ($x:expr) => {
        $x & ($crate::ast::XF
            | $crate::ast::YF
            | $crate::ast::FX
            | $crate::ast::FY
            | $crate::ast::XFX
            | $crate::ast::XFY
            | $crate::ast::YFX)
            != 0
    };
}

macro_rules! is_negate {
    ($x:expr) => {
        ($x & $crate::ast::NEGATIVE_SIGN) != 0
    };
}

#[macro_export]
macro_rules! is_prefix {
    ($x:expr) => {
        $x & ($crate::ast::FX | $crate::ast::FY) != 0
    };
}

#[macro_export]
macro_rules! is_postfix {
    ($x:expr) => {
        $x & ($crate::ast::XF | $crate::ast::YF) != 0
    };
}

#[macro_export]
macro_rules! is_infix {
    ($x:expr) => {
        ($x & ($crate::ast::XFX | $crate::ast::XFY | $crate::ast::YFX)) != 0
    };
}

#[macro_export]
macro_rules! is_xfx {
    ($x:expr) => {
        ($x & $crate::ast::XFX) != 0
    };
}

#[macro_export]
macro_rules! is_xfy {
    ($x:expr) => {
        ($x & $crate::ast::XFY) != 0
    };
}

#[macro_export]
macro_rules! is_yfx {
    ($x:expr) => {
        ($x & $crate::ast::YFX) != 0
    };
}

#[macro_export]
macro_rules! is_yf {
    ($x:expr) => {
        ($x & $crate::ast::YF) != 0
    };
}

#[macro_export]
macro_rules! is_xf {
    ($x:expr) => {
        ($x & $crate::ast::XF) != 0
    };
}

#[macro_export]
macro_rules! is_fx {
    ($x:expr) => {
        ($x & $crate::ast::FX) != 0
    };
}

#[macro_export]
macro_rules! is_fy {
    ($x:expr) => {
        ($x & $crate::ast::FY) != 0
    };
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
pub enum RegType {
    Perm(usize),
    Temp(usize),
}

impl Default for RegType {
    fn default() -> Self {
        RegType::Temp(0)
    }
}

impl RegType {
    pub fn reg_num(self) -> usize {
        match self {
            RegType::Perm(reg_num) | RegType::Temp(reg_num) => reg_num,
        }
    }

    pub fn is_perm(self) -> bool {
        matches!(self, RegType::Perm(_))
    }
}

impl fmt::Display for RegType {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            RegType::Perm(val) => write!(f, "Y{}", val),
            RegType::Temp(val) => write!(f, "X{}", val),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
pub enum VarReg {
    ArgAndNorm(RegType, usize),
    Norm(RegType),
}

impl VarReg {
    pub fn norm(self) -> RegType {
        match self {
            VarReg::ArgAndNorm(reg, _) | VarReg::Norm(reg) => reg,
        }
    }
}

impl fmt::Display for VarReg {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            VarReg::Norm(RegType::Perm(reg)) => write!(f, "Y{}", reg),
            VarReg::Norm(RegType::Temp(reg)) => write!(f, "X{}", reg),
            VarReg::ArgAndNorm(RegType::Perm(reg), arg) => write!(f, "Y{} A{}", reg, arg),
            VarReg::ArgAndNorm(RegType::Temp(reg), arg) => write!(f, "X{} A{}", reg, arg),
        }
    }
}

impl Default for VarReg {
    fn default() -> Self {
        VarReg::Norm(RegType::default())
    }
}

#[macro_export]
macro_rules! temp_v {
    ($x:expr) => {
        $crate::ast::RegType::Temp($x)
    };
}

#[macro_export]
macro_rules! perm_v {
    ($x:expr) => {
        $crate::ast::RegType::Perm($x)
    };
}

#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
pub enum GenContext {
    Head,
    Mid(usize),
    Last(usize), // Mid & Last: chunk_num
}

impl GenContext {
    pub fn chunk_num(self) -> usize {
        match self {
            GenContext::Head => 0,
            GenContext::Mid(cn) | GenContext::Last(cn) => cn,
        }
    }
}

pub type OpDirKey = (ClauseName, Fixity);

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct OpDirValue(pub SharedOpDesc);

impl OpDirValue {
    pub fn new(spec: Specifier, priority: usize) -> Self {
        OpDirValue(SharedOpDesc::new(priority, spec))
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn shared_op_desc(&self) -> SharedOpDesc {
        self.0.clone()
    }
}

// name and fixity -> operator type and precedence.
pub type OpDir = IndexMap<OpDirKey, OpDirValue>;

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
pub struct MachineFlags {
    pub double_quotes: DoubleQuotes,
}

impl Default for MachineFlags {
    fn default() -> Self {
        MachineFlags {
            double_quotes: DoubleQuotes::default(),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
pub enum DoubleQuotes {
    Atom,
    Chars,
    Codes,
}

impl DoubleQuotes {
    pub fn is_chars(self) -> bool {
        matches!(self, DoubleQuotes::Chars)
    }

    pub fn is_atom(self) -> bool {
        matches!(self, DoubleQuotes::Atom)
    }

    pub fn is_codes(self) -> bool {
        matches!(self, DoubleQuotes::Codes)
    }
}

impl Default for DoubleQuotes {
    fn default() -> Self {
        DoubleQuotes::Chars
    }
}

pub fn default_op_dir() -> OpDir {
    let mut op_dir = OpDir::new();

    op_dir.insert((clause_name!(":-"), Fixity::In), OpDirValue::new(XFX, 1200));
    op_dir.insert((clause_name!(":-"), Fixity::Pre), OpDirValue::new(FX, 1200));
    op_dir.insert((clause_name!("?-"), Fixity::Pre), OpDirValue::new(FX, 1200));
    op_dir.insert((clause_name!(","), Fixity::In), OpDirValue::new(XFY, 1000));

    op_dir
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub enum ArithmeticError {
    NonEvaluableFunctor(Constant, usize),
    UninstantiatedVar,
}

#[derive(Debug)]
pub enum ParserError {
    BackQuotedString(usize, usize),
    UnexpectedChar(char, usize, usize),
    UnexpectedEOF,
    IO(IOError),
    IncompleteReduction(usize, usize),
    InvalidSingleQuotedCharacter(char),
    MissingQuote(usize, usize),
    NonPrologChar(usize, usize),
    ParseBigInt(usize, usize),
    Utf8Error(usize, usize),
}

impl ParserError {
    pub fn line_and_col_num(&self) -> Option<(usize, usize)> {
        match self {
            &ParserError::BackQuotedString(line_num, col_num)
            | &ParserError::UnexpectedChar(_, line_num, col_num)
            | &ParserError::IncompleteReduction(line_num, col_num)
            | &ParserError::MissingQuote(line_num, col_num)
            | &ParserError::NonPrologChar(line_num, col_num)
            | &ParserError::ParseBigInt(line_num, col_num)
            | &ParserError::Utf8Error(line_num, col_num) => Some((line_num, col_num)),
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &'static str {
        match self {
            ParserError::BackQuotedString(..) => "back_quoted_string",
            ParserError::UnexpectedChar(..) => "unexpected_char",
            ParserError::UnexpectedEOF => "unexpected_end_of_file",
            ParserError::IncompleteReduction(..) => "incomplete_reduction",
            ParserError::InvalidSingleQuotedCharacter(..) => "invalid_single_quoted_character",
            ParserError::IO(_) => "input_output_error",
            ParserError::MissingQuote(..) => "missing_quote",
            ParserError::NonPrologChar(..) => "non_prolog_character",
            ParserError::ParseBigInt(..) => "cannot_parse_big_int",
            ParserError::Utf8Error(..) => "utf8_conversion_error",
        }
    }
}

impl From<IOError> for ParserError {
    fn from(err: IOError) -> ParserError {
        ParserError::IO(err)
    }
}

impl From<&IOError> for ParserError {
    fn from(error: &IOError) -> ParserError {
        if error.get_ref().filter(|e| e.is::<BadUtf8Error>()).is_some() {
            ParserError::Utf8Error(0, 0)
        } else {
            ParserError::IO(error.kind().into())
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
pub struct CompositeOpDir<'a, 'b> {
    pub primary_op_dir: Option<&'b OpDir>,
    pub secondary_op_dir: &'a OpDir,
}

impl<'a, 'b> CompositeOpDir<'a, 'b> {
    #[inline]
    pub fn new(secondary_op_dir: &'a OpDir, primary_op_dir: Option<&'b OpDir>) -> Self {
        CompositeOpDir {
            primary_op_dir,
            secondary_op_dir,
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    pub(crate) fn get(&self, name: ClauseName, fixity: Fixity) -> Option<&OpDirValue> {
        let entry = if let Some(ref primary_op_dir) = &self.primary_op_dir {
            primary_op_dir.get(&(name.clone(), fixity))
        } else {
            None
        };

        entry.or_else(move || self.secondary_op_dir.get(&(name, fixity)))
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Eq, Hash, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
pub enum Fixity {
    In,
    Post,
    Pre,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
pub struct SharedOpDesc(Rc<Cell<(usize, Specifier)>>);

impl SharedOpDesc {
    #[inline]
    pub fn new(priority: usize, spec: Specifier) -> Self {
        SharedOpDesc(Rc::new(Cell::new((priority, spec))))
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn ptr_eq(lop_desc: &SharedOpDesc, rop_desc: &SharedOpDesc) -> bool {
        Rc::ptr_eq(&lop_desc.0, &rop_desc.0)
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn arity(&self) -> usize {
        if self.get().1 & (XFX | XFY | YFX) == 0 {
            1
        } else {
            2
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn get(&self) -> (usize, Specifier) {
        self.0.get()
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn set(&self, prec: usize, spec: Specifier) {
        self.0.set((prec, spec));
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn prec(&self) -> usize {
        self.0.get().0
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn assoc(&self) -> Specifier {
        self.0.get().1
    }
}

impl Deref for SharedOpDesc {
    type Target = Cell<(usize, Specifier)>;

    #[inline]
    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
        self.0.deref()
    }
}

// this ensures that SharedOpDesc (which is not consistently placed in
// every atom!) doesn't affect the value of an atom hash. If
// SharedOpDesc values are to be indexed, a BTreeMap or BTreeSet
// should be used, obviously.
impl Hash for SharedOpDesc {
    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
        0.hash(state)
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub enum Constant {
    Atom(ClauseName, Option<SharedOpDesc>),
    Char(char),
    EmptyList,
    Fixnum(isize),
    Integer(Rc<Integer>),
    Rational(Rc<Rational>),
    Float(OrderedFloat<f64>),
    String(Rc<String>),
    Usize(usize),
}

impl fmt::Display for Constant {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Constant::Atom(ref atom, _) => {
                if atom.as_str().chars().any(|c| "`.$'\" ".contains(c)) {
                    write!(f, "'{}'", atom.as_str())
                } else {
                    write!(f, "{}", atom.as_str())
                }
            }
            Constant::Char(c) => write!(f, "'{}'", *c as u32),
            Constant::EmptyList => write!(f, "[]"),
            Constant::Fixnum(n) => write!(f, "{}", n),
            Constant::Integer(ref n) => write!(f, "{}", n),
            Constant::Rational(ref n) => write!(f, "{}", n),
            Constant::Float(ref n) => write!(f, "{}", n),
            Constant::String(ref s) => write!(f, "\"{}\"", &s),
            Constant::Usize(integer) => write!(f, "u{}", integer),
        }
    }
}

impl Constant {
    pub fn to_atom(&self) -> Option<ClauseName> {
        match self {
            Constant::Atom(a, _) => Some(a.defrock_brackets()),
            _ => None,
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub enum ClauseName {
    BuiltIn(&'static str),
    User(TabledRc<Atom>),
}

impl fmt::Display for ClauseName {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{}", self.as_str())
    }
}

impl Hash for ClauseName {
    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
        (*self.as_str()).hash(state)
    }
}

impl PartialEq for ClauseName {
    fn eq(&self, other: &ClauseName) -> bool {
        *self.as_str() == *other.as_str()
    }
}

impl Eq for ClauseName {}

impl Ord for ClauseName {
    fn cmp(&self, other: &ClauseName) -> Ordering {
        (*self.as_str()).cmp(other.as_str())
    }
}

impl PartialOrd for ClauseName {
    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &ClauseName) -> Option<Ordering> {
        Some(self.cmp(other))
    }
}

impl<'a> From<&'a TabledRc<Atom>> for ClauseName {
    fn from(name: &'a TabledRc<Atom>) -> ClauseName {
        ClauseName::User(name.clone())
    }
}

impl ClauseName {
    #[inline]
    pub fn owning_module(&self) -> Self {
        match self {
            ClauseName::User(ref name) => {
                let module = name.owning_module();
                ClauseName::User(TabledRc {
                    atom: module.clone(),
                    table: TabledData::new(module),
                })
            }
            _ => clause_name!("user"),
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn to_rc(&self) -> Rc<String> {
        match self {
            ClauseName::BuiltIn(s) => Rc::new(s.to_string()),
            ClauseName::User(ref rc) => rc.inner(),
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn with_table(self, atom_tbl: TabledData<Atom>) -> Self {
        match self {
            ClauseName::BuiltIn(_) => self,
            ClauseName::User(mut name) => {
                name.table = atom_tbl;
                ClauseName::User(name)
            }
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn has_table(&self, atom_tbl: &TabledData<Atom>) -> bool {
        match self {
            ClauseName::BuiltIn(_) => false,
            ClauseName::User(ref name) => &name.table == atom_tbl,
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn has_table_of(&self, other: &ClauseName) -> bool {
        match self {
            ClauseName::BuiltIn(_) => {
                matches!(other, ClauseName::BuiltIn(_))
            }
            ClauseName::User(ref name) => other.has_table(&name.table),
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &str {
        match self {
            ClauseName::BuiltIn(s) => s,
            ClauseName::User(ref name) => name.as_ref(),
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn is_char(&self) -> bool {
        !self.as_str().is_empty() && self.as_str().chars().nth(1).is_none()
    }

    pub fn defrock_brackets(&self) -> Self {
        fn defrock_brackets(s: &str) -> &str {
            if s.starts_with('(') && s.ends_with(')') {
                &s[1..s.len() - 1]
            } else {
                s
            }
        }

        match self {
            ClauseName::BuiltIn(s) => ClauseName::BuiltIn(defrock_brackets(s)),
            ClauseName::User(s) => {
                ClauseName::User(tabled_rc!(defrock_brackets(s.as_str()).to_owned(), s.table))
            }
        }
    }
}

impl AsRef<str> for ClauseName {
    #[inline]
    fn as_ref(&self) -> &str {
        self.as_str()
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub enum Term {
    AnonVar,
    Clause(
        Cell<RegType>,
        ClauseName,
        Vec<Box<Term>>,
        Option<SharedOpDesc>,
    ),
    Cons(Cell<RegType>, Box<Term>, Box<Term>),
    Constant(Cell<RegType>, Constant),
    Var(Cell<VarReg>, Rc<Var>),
}

impl Term {
    pub fn shared_op_desc(&self) -> Option<SharedOpDesc> {
        match self {
            Term::Clause(_, _, _, ref spec) => spec.clone(),
            Term::Constant(_, Constant::Atom(_, ref spec)) => spec.clone(),
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    pub fn into_constant(self) -> Option<Constant> {
        match self {
            Term::Constant(_, c) => Some(c),
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    pub fn first_arg(&self) -> Option<&Term> {
        match self {
            Term::Clause(_, _, ref terms, _) => terms.first().map(|bt| bt.as_ref()),
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    pub fn set_name(&mut self, new_name: ClauseName) {
        match self {
            Term::Constant(_, Constant::Atom(ref mut atom, _))
            | Term::Clause(_, ref mut atom, ..) => {
                *atom = new_name;
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> Option<ClauseName> {
        match self {
            &Term::Constant(_, Constant::Atom(ref atom, _)) | &Term::Clause(_, ref atom, ..) => {
                Some(atom.clone())
            }
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    pub fn arity(&self) -> usize {
        match self {
            Term::Clause(_, _, ref child_terms, ..) => child_terms.len(),
            _ => 0,
        }
    }
}

fn unfold_by_str_once(term: &mut Term, s: &str) -> Option<(Term, Term)> {
    if let Term::Clause(_, ref name, ref mut subterms, _) = term {
        if name.as_str() == s && subterms.len() == 2 {
            let snd = *subterms.pop().unwrap();
            let fst = *subterms.pop().unwrap();

            return Some((fst, snd));
        }
    }

    None
}

pub fn unfold_by_str(mut term: Term, s: &str) -> Vec<Term> {
    let mut terms = vec![];

    while let Some((fst, snd)) = unfold_by_str_once(&mut term, s) {
        terms.push(fst);
        term = snd;
    }

    terms.push(term);
    terms
}

pub type ParsingStream<R> = PutBackN<CodePoints<Bytes<R>>>;

use unicode_reader::BadUtf8Error;

#[inline]
pub fn parsing_stream<R: Read>(src: R) -> Result<ParsingStream<R>, ParserError> {
    let mut stream = put_back_n(CodePoints::from(src.bytes()));
    match stream.peek() {
        None => Ok(stream), // empty stream is handled gracefully by Lexer::eof
        Some(Err(error)) => Err(ParserError::from(error)),
        Some(Ok(c)) => {
            if *c == '\u{feff}' {
                // skip UTF-8 BOM
                stream.next();
            }
            Ok(stream)
        }
    }
}